(1) Israel is planning to test a sample of 70,000 people for antibodies. Earlier, preliminary result from a smallish sample of 1,709 Israelis found that 2.5±0.5% had antibodies for the virus. With official infection numbers (positive tests in RT-PCR) reaching only 0.2% of the population, this implies a Dunkelziffer (stealth infection rate) of 10-15 times the official one — not dissimilar from what Prof. Hendrik Streeck found in Germany or the team of Ioannides, Bendavid et al. found in Santa Clara County, CA. [For non-American readers: Santa Clara County is almost synonymous with Silicon Valley.]
With just 291 dead out of 17,377 confirmed cases — a raw case fatality rate (CFR) of 1.67%, this implies that the infection fatality rate is just 0.11–0.17%. This is considerably lower than even the drastically downward-revised CDC figures, (IFR of about 0.26%), but Israel has a much younger population pyramid than the USA, and is sunny enough that vitamin D deficiency should not be as prevalent as in northern US states.
Meanwhile, Israel is seeing a flare-up of cases in schools that has some people speaking of a second wave, although it might actually be more like a ripple, or a round of the dance in Tomas Pueyo’s “Hammer and Dance” strategy. Rungholt blogs in German about her experience as a kindergarten teacher in a kibbutz in the far North of the country.
(2) h/t: Cathe Smith: several papers, including the one that led to suspension of the hydroxychloroquine trials, now under a cloud owing to suspect medical database
On its face, it was a major finding: Antimalarial drugs touted by the White House as possible COVID-19 treatments looked to be not just ineffective, but downright deadly. A study published on 22 May in The Lancet used hospital records procured by a little-known data analytics company called Surgisphere to conclude that coronavirus patients taking chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine were more likely to show an irregular heart rhythm—a known side effect thought to be rare—and were more likely to die in the hospital.
Within days, some large randomized trials of the drugs—the type that might prove or disprove the retrospective study’s analysis—screeched to a halt. Solidarity, the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) megatrial of potential COVID-19 treatments, paused recruitment into its hydroxychloroquine arm, for example. (Update: At a briefing on 3 June WHO announced it would resume that arm of the study.)
But just as quickly, the Lancet results have begun to unravel—and Surgisphere, which provided patient data for two other high-profile COVID-19 papers, has come under withering online scrutiny from researchers and amateur sleuths. They have pointed out many red flags in the Lancet paper, including the astonishing number of patients involved and details about their demographics and prescribed dosing that seem implausible. “It began to stretch and stretch and stretch credulity,” says Nicholas White, a malaria researcher at Mahidol University in Bangkok.
Today, The Lancet issued an Expression of Concern (EOC) saying “important scientific questions have been raised about data” in the paper and noting that “an independent audit of the provenance and validity of the data has been commissioned by the authors not affiliated with Surgisphere and is ongoing, with results expected very shortly.”
Hours earlier, The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) issued its own EOC about a second study using Surgisphere data, published on 1 May. The paper reported that taking certain blood pressure drugs including angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors didn’t appear to increase the risk of death among COVID-19 patients, as some researchers had suggested. (Several studies analyzing other groups of COVID-19 patients support the NEJM results.) “Recently, substantive concerns have been raised about the quality of the information in that database,” an NEJM statement noted. “We have asked the authors to provide evidence that the data are reliable.”
A third COVID-19 study using Surgisphere data has also drawn fire. In a preprint first posted in early April, Surgisphere founder and CEO Sapan Desai and co-authors conclude that ivermectin, an antiparasitic drug, dramatically reduced mortality in COVID-19 patients. In Latin America, where ivermectin is widely available, that study has led government officials to authorize the drug—although with precautions—creating a surge in demand in several countries.
Chicago-based Surgisphere has not publicly released the data underlying the studies, but today Desai told Science through a spokesperson that he was “arranging a nondisclosure agreement that will provide the authors of the NEJM paper with the data access requested by NEJM.”
UPDATE (h/t LIssa Hailey): much more at The Guardian (archive copy here) “Governments and WHO changed Covid-19 policy based on suspect data from tiny US company”
A search of publicly available material suggests several of Surgisphere’s employees have little or no data or scientific background. An employee listed as a science editor appears to be a science fiction author and fantasy artist. Another employee listed as a marketing executive is an adult model and events hostess.
[…] Until Monday, the “get in touch” link on Surgisphere’s homepage redirected to a WordPress template for a cryptocurrency website, raising questions about how hospitals could easily contact the company to join its database.
[…] At a press conference on Wednesday, the WHO announced it would now resume its global trial of hydroxychloroquine, after its data safety monitoring committee found there was no increased risk of death for Covid patients taking it.
The article refers to an earlier expose at MedicineUncensored.